Unit 2 School life
【知识讲解】
1.Why don’t dogs go to school, Eddie? “埃德,为什么狗不上学呢?”。Why don’t+主语+动词原形+其它,表示“为 什么……不……”。=why not+动词原形+其它,表示“为什么不……”。例如:
Why not do your homework?为什么不做作业?
Why not watch TV?为什么不看电视?
2.a few, few, little和a little的区别:
1).a few “少,几个”,修饰可数名词,是none的反义词,表示肯定意义。
如:I have a few grammar books besides this.
除了这本书,我还有那么几本语法书。
2).few (adj.)“少,没有多少”,修饰可数名词,是many的反义词,表示否定意义。
如:He read many novels but few poems.
他小说看得多,诗读得少。
3).little(adj.)“少,没有多少”,修饰不可数名词,是much的反义词,表示否
定的意义。如:There is little hope that he will be set free.
他荻释的希望很小。
4).a little“少,几个”修饰不可数名词,是none的反义词,表示肯定意义。
如:We still have a little water to drink.我们还有点水喝。
3.Say, speak, talk, tell的区别:
1)Say指说话的内容,着重于用言语表达思想,多用作及物动词,宾语可以是名词或代词等,但往往用从句,多用于引语中。
例如: Be polite and say“please”.要懂礼貌就说“请”。
2)Speak指说话的能力和方式,即开口说话的意思,不一定要表达一个具体的思想内容。多作不及物动词;作及物动词时, 其宾语是语言名称。例如:Mike speaks English.麦克说英语。
3)Talk指“谈话”,“空谈”或“传言”,“谈论”。指比较随便、自由的连续谈话,多用作不及物动词,和to,with连用,后跟谈话的对象;和about,of连用,后跟谈话的内容。例如:What are you talking about?你在讲什么?
Don’t talk in class!课堂上不要讲话!
4)Tell指“讲,说,陈述,告诉”, 指把事情说出来让别人知道。用作及物动词,后接双宾语结构,有时表示嘱咐或语气轻松的命令。常用于tell sb. (not)to do sth.结构。
例如:Mother often told me stories when I was young.我小的时候妈妈经常给我讲故事。
Please tell me something about New York.=Please tell something about New York to me.
请告诉我一些关于纽约的事情。
4.My favorite subject is Home Economics .我最喜欢的学科是家政学。
=Of all the subjects I like Home Economics best .
5.I did not know how to do things for myself before I came to this school.我来这所学校之前不知道如何自己 做事情.
1)how to do thing在句中做谓语动词know的宾语。在宾语从句中,当主句的谓语动词是know, ask, decide, be sure等时,且主句的主语和宾语从句的主语一致,往往可以把宾语从句省略为带有疑问词的动词不定式短语。例如:
He asked where he could put the books.
→He asked where to put the books.他问把书放在哪儿。
I can’t decide which sweater I will buy.
→I can’t decide which sweater to buy. 我决定不了买哪件毛衣。
2)(for) myself是反身代词
在句中可以作宾语或表语,意思是“我自己”。例如:
I can do it by myself.我能独自做。
I hurt myself.我伤了自己。
A. 用以加强语气,作同位语,意思是“我亲自,我本人”。例如:
I saw it myself.这是我亲眼目睹的。
各人称的反身代词:
myself |
我自己 |
himself |
他自己 |
ourselves |
我们自己 |
herself |
她自己 |
yourself |
你自己 |
itself |
它自己 |
yourselves |
你们自己 |
themselves |
他们自己 |
6.bring, take, fetch, get 与carry的区别
bring, take, fetch, get, carry都有“拿”的意思,但有一定的区别:
1)bring指从另一处把某物“拿到”或把某人“带到”说话人处,常接双宾语。如:
Don’t forget to bring the pictures to me.
=Don’t forget to bring me the pictures.别忘给我把画带来。
2)take指的是把某人或某物从说话人处“带到”另一处。如:
I won’t take you there.我不带你到那儿去。
3)fetch指到另一处去把某物或某人带回说话人处。如:
Shall I fetch a doctor for you?要我给你请个医生来吗?
4)get与fetch同义,但前者较后者更加口语化。如:
Please get some chalk for me.请给我拿点粉笔来。
5)carry意为“负重地来或去”,指从一处把某物或某人拿、带、搬运到另一处,无方向限制。如:
He carried the child on his back.他背着小孩。
7.also, too, either与as well的区别
also, too, either, as well意思都是“也”,但用法有所区别:
1)also用于肯定句中,位于助动词之后,行为动词之前;在否定句中则为either,在句中一般位于句末,用逗号和前文隔开。如:
Tom has been to Canada. Harry has also been to Canada.
汤姆曾去过加拿大,哈里也曾去过加拿大。
Tom has not been to Brazil. Harry has not been to Brazil, either.
汤姆没有去过巴西,哈里也没有去过巴西。
2)too用于肯定句和疑问句,一般放在句子末尾,前面加逗号和前文隔开。如:
Green is a teacher. Jim is a teacher, too.格林是一名教师,吉姆也是一名教师。
He has been to the Great Wall. Have you been to the Great Wall, too?
他去过长城,你也去过长城吗?
3)also多用于书面语,较正式,too, as well在口语中代替also,特别是在非正式英语中尤其如此,either用于否定句和 否定回答中。如:
Kate has not been to the Great Wall, either.凯特也没有去过长城。
8.spend意思是“花费,度过”
1)spend+时间/钱+on sth. 如:
Mike spent ten cents on popcorn.迈克花了10美分买了爆米花。
Jim spent half an hour on my homework..吉姆花了半小时做作业。
2)spend+时间/钱+(in)doing sth. 如:
Lily spent 6 dollars (in)buying that book.李莉花了6美元买那本书。
He spent his whole life (in) looking after the poor.他把一生都用来照顾穷人。
9.I am in Year 8 at Woodland School near London.
我在伦敦附近的澳德兰学校八年级学习。
in Year 8 在八年级 等于in Grade 8, in 8th Grade。
10.“the same as” and “be different from”是一组反义词。
“the same”也可以不用as 。(用于单数或复数)
例如:The cup is cracked, what’s that one like? It’s the same.
这个杯子是破的,那个怎么样?也是一样。
Those two dresses are the same.那两件衣服是一样的。
I know we look alike, but we’re quite different from each other.
我知道我们俩看上去一样,但我们全然不同。
Roses are different from violet.玫瑰与紫罗兰不同。
The weather in Australia is quite different from that in China.
澳大利亚的天气与中国的天气大不相同。
11.He had driving lessons at school last year.去年他在学校上驾驶课。
driving lessons 驾驶课
由动名词+名词 构成的名词。
例如:“reading week” 读书周
“walking stick” 拐杖
“shopping malls” 购物中心
“swimming pool” 游泳池
“dining car” 餐车
“singing competition” 歌咏比赛
12.We always have a great time talking to each other.
我们总是有很多时间互相交谈。
1)have a great time,意思是“过得愉快;玩得高兴”,与have fun同义。
have a great/good time doing sth.和have fun doing sth.都表示“做某事做得高兴、愉快”。
例如:I had a great time playing in the water in Hawaii.在夏威夷我在水里玩得非常高兴。
We have fun learning English.我们学英语学得很愉快。
2)“talking to each other”是分词短语作定语。
例如:We met a group of children returning from school.
我们碰到一群从学校回来的孩子。
They built a highway leading into the mountains.
他们修建了一条通往山里的公路。
13.on one’s way to+名词,“在(某人)去……的路上”,如果后面后面接副词here/there/home,则省略介词to。如:
They are on the way to the park..他们在去公园的路上。
On the way home, I meet my old friends.在回家路上,我碰到了老朋友。
14.Do you walk to school?你走着去学校吗?=Do you go to school on foot?
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