【难点解析】

    1、Then we will open the floor for discussion.

    之后我们将展开自由讨论。

    句中the floor意思是“发言权”。如：

    The President then took the floor and answered the journalists’ questions.

    总统随后讲话并解答了记者的提问。

    2、If you have any questions or comments, you can use this time to voice them.

    如果大家有任何疑问或评论，可以利用这个时间段来提出。

    voice在这里是动词，意思是“表达吐露”。如：

    Yesterday morning in a city in the USA, a crowd of dustmen went on a strike to voice complaints about their low pay.

    昨天上午在美国一个城市，大批清洁工举行罢工，以表达他们对低工资的不满。

    voice还可做名词，意思是“呼声、意见”等。如：

    Before this new plan comes into effect, we would like to hear the voice of the students and their parents.

    新计划实施前，我们愿意倾听一下学生和家长的意见。

    She spoke in a low voice.  她低声说话。

    3、I'm talking to you today about the way large areas of the world are damaged by industrial waste.

    我今天跟大家谈谈世界上大片区域是怎样受工业污染而被破坏的。

    （1）the way是先行词，后接一个定语从句，way后面的关系词that/in which可以省略。如：

    To my surprise, the young girl laughs the way (that/in which) her mother did at that age.

    令我感到惊讶的是，那女孩笑起来和她母亲像她那么大时一模一样。

    The way that /in which you are doing it is completely wrong.

    你这么个干法，完全是错误的。

    I don't like the way he talks.

    我不喜欢他说话的方式。

    （2）句中的waste是名词，意为“废物、垃圾”。

    Industrial waste must be prevented from polluting our rivers.

    必须要阻止工业垃圾污染我们的河流。

    Where do you put your kitchen waste?

    你厨房里的垃圾放在哪里？

    We threw the waste from dinner into the dustbin.

    我们把残羹冷炙倒进了垃圾桶里。

    waste还可以用做动词和形容词。如：

    There is no use wasting time in discussing how it happened.

    把时间浪费在讨论事情是怎么发生的上没什么用。

    The boy probably threw it away, thinking it was waste paper.

    男孩认为那是废纸可能就把它扔了。

    4、In addition, many sea creatures are being wiped out by fishing boats．

    此外，大量的海洋生物正被捕捞船赶尽杀绝。

    （1）短语in addition“此外，另外”。如：

    In addition, there is one more point I would like to make.

    另外，我还要多补充一点。

    In addition to the sandwiches, Aunt Mary gave us cookies to bring to the picnic.

    除了三明治，玛丽阿姨还给了我们饼干去野餐。

    In addition to the subjects already mentioned, students will also study Biology.

    除了已经提到的课程，学生们还将学习生物。

    （2）短语wipe out意思是“消灭，摧毁”。如：

    The whole village was wiped out by the tsunami.

    整个村子都被海啸吞噬了。

    All the information saved in the computer was wiped out by the virus.

    电脑里保存的所有资料都被病毒给删除了。

    wipe out 还表示“清洁、擦”

    Can you wipe out the inside of the coffee pot?

    你能把咖啡壶里擦干净吗？

    5、These boats catch large numbers of fish without giving them time to lay eggs．

    （1）句中短语large numbers of可以用a large number of, a great number of, great numbers of或lots of替换，用来修饰可数名词。如：

    On hearing that the team had won, large numbers of people crowded into the hall to celebrate.

    一听到这个队赢了比赛，许多人涌进了大厅里庆祝。

    A large number of students have volunteered to help.

    许多学生都志愿支援。

    He has collected large numbers of photos of different kinds o f birds.

    他收集了大量不同品种鸟的照片。

    注意：

    a number of 很多（后接可数名词的复数），谓语动词用复数。

    the number of 的数目（后接可数名词的复数），谓语动词用单数

    (large / great ) numbers of 大量的……

    in number 在数目上，总共

    In the Chinese population the workers are second to the peasants in number.

    在中国人口中，工人的数目仅次于农民。

    There are a large number of (= quite a number of) students coming from Europe.

    有许多来自欧洲的学生。

    The number of pianos is not exact at all.

    钢琴的数量完全确定不了。

    （2）短语lay eggs意为“(鸟、昆虫、鱼等)生蛋”。如：

    Cuckoos lay their eggs in other birds’ nests.

    杜鹃在别的鸟巢里生蛋。

    Ask students to pay attention to other uses of the word lay.

    叫学生们注意所列单词的其他用法。

    另外lay还有“搁置、放、排、摆”的意思。如：

    I carefully laid my new jacket on the bed. (gently and carefully put something somewhere)

    我小心地把我的新夹克放在了床上。

    They refused to lay down their arms.

    他们拒绝放下武器。

    Why don't you lay that problem aside for a while and think about it later? (put something on one side and not to think about it)

    为什么不先把那个问题放一放等一会再想呢？

    He was willing to lay down his life for his country. (stop something)

    他愿意为他的国家而奉献出自己的生命。

    6、This will have a lasting effect upon the number of fish left for us to eat.

    这种做法对存活下来供我们食用的鱼类的数量将产生持久的影响。

    （1）短语have an effect upon意思是“对……产生影响”，也可以用on代替upon。如：

    Did the medicine have any effect on you?

    这药对你有效吗？

    Teachers' words and deeds have a great effect on their students.

    老师们的言行对学生有很大影响。

    Punishment does not seem to have much effect on the boy.

    惩罚似乎对这个男孩没起太大作用。

    （2）number 意为“数量”。

    The number of cars on the roads has doubled over the past few years.

    马路上汽车的数量在过去的几年里翻了一翻。

    Estimates put the number of deaths between three and five thousand.

    估计死亡人数在三千到五千。

    7、The world's population has grown to more than six times what it was in 1800. The figure is now approaching 6.5 billion people！

    目前的世界人口与1800年相比已经增长到那时的六倍多，这个数字已接近65亿！

    短语grow to意思是“增加到”。类似的表达法还有increase to, rise to, climb to等。如：

    The number of students at the college has grown to over 5,000.

    这所学院的学生人数已经增长到5,000多人。

    The price has increased to an unbelievable number.

    价格攀升到了令人难以置信的水平。

    The workers are going all out to make the output rise to three times what it was five years ago.

    工人们正全力以赴，力争使产量增长到五年前的三倍。

    The plane climbed to 25,000 feet.

    飞机爬升到25,000英尺。

    注意：短语grow by和短语grow to的区别。grow by意思是“净增了”，类似表达还有increase by、rise by等。如：

    Sales of new cars in that country grew by 20 per cent this year.

    那个国家今年的新车销售量增加了百分之二十。

    It is quite amazing that the income of the people in the city has increased/risen by 60 per cent in the last two years.

    这座城市居民的收入在过去的两年里增加了百分之六十，这让人感到惊讶。

    8、My suggestion is that we should try to cut back on production and reduce the amount of things we make and buy.

    我的建议是，我们应当尽量削减生产，减少制造和购买物品的数量。

    （1）句中My suggestion is后接一表语从句。表示“建议，要求，命令”等意义的名词如suggestion、advice, requirement, order等作主语时，其后表语从句中的谓语常由, should +动词原形”构成，should可省略。如：

    The advice that the teacher gave was that the students (should) go to bed early during exam time.

    老师提出的忠告是，同学们在考试期间应该早点上床睡觉。

    His suggestion is that we meet every day after school in the library.

    他的建议是我们每天放学后在图书馆见面。

    We made the suggestion that they carry on with their project.

    我们的建议是他们继续他们的工程。

    We will seriously consider your suggestions.

    我们将会慎重考虑你的建议。

    （2）suggest、advise、require、order等动词后接的宾语从句中，也常用“should＋动词原形”作谓语；或者省略should，直接用动词原形作谓语。如：

    I suggested that John (should) phone home before he decided to stay late at the library.

    我建议约翰在决定要在图书馆呆到很晚之前应该先打个电话回家。

    It is suggested that you set out for Beijing as early as possible.

    建议你尽早出发去北京。

    We would suggest replacing the red curtains with purple ones.

    我们提议将这个红色的窗帘换成紫色的。

    Mary suggested a Chinese restaurant to us, which was really good.

    玛丽向我们推荐了一家中餐馆，的确不错。

    （3）短语cut back on意思是“削减，缩减”，和cut down on有相同的意思。如：

    Try to cut back on foods containing too much fat and sugar.

    要尽量少吃脂肪和糖份含量过高的食品。

    As these new products are not selling well, the members of the board have decided to cut down on production.

    因为新产品市场销售不好，董事会成员决定削减产量。

    To save money, we should cut back on our spending.

    为了攒钱，我们应该减少开支。

    Many companies are cutting back on staff at the moment.

    目前许多公司够在裁减冗员。

    If we cannot sell more, we will have to cut back on production.

    如果我们的销量不会更好的话，我们将减少产量。

    9、As an economist, I'm seen as being against the environment.

    作为一名经济学家，我常常被人视为是反对环保的。

    短语see…as…意思是“将……视为……”。如：

    After his first novel was published, he was seen as one of the most outstanding new authors of his generation.

    在他的第一部小说出版后不久，他就被视为他这一代最杰出的新秀作家之一。

    as在句中是介词，意为“作为（职业、身份）”，如：

    As an interviewer, you ought to sit back and listen.

    作为面试者，你要醉回去听。

    He wants me to go with him as his secretary.

    他想让我作为他啊的秘书和他一起去。

    She spoke of him as her dearest friend.

    她把他当作自己最好的朋友那样向他讲话。

    as还有其他用法，有时可以用做连词。如：

    As I left the house, I remembered my keys. (while something else is happening)

    当我离开房间的时候，我想起我的钥匙了。

    It is very difficult for us to know what to do as we are not his parents. (because)

    由于不是他的父母，我们很难知道该做些什么。

    I did as he asked. (in the way which)

    我按他的要求做了。

    Poor as he was, he was honest. (though)

    尽管他很穷，但他很诚实。

    10、The people running these factories are very concerned about the environment.

    （1）running意为“管理、控制”用做定语修饰名词people。

    There is a piano standing (which stands) in the corner.

    有一台钢琴立在墙角。

    A man respecting others (who respects others) will himself be respected.

    只有尊重别人才会得到别人的尊重。

    Can you see the star moving (that is moving) in the sky?

    你能看到星星在天上移动吗？

    （2）短语be concerned about意为“被关注、关心”

    Why is she so concerned about her appearance?

    为什么她这么关心她的外貌？

    We are all concerned for her safety.

    我们都很关心她的安全。

    The author is not concerned with what the critics think of his book.

    作者不关注评论家怎么认为他的书。

    11、But I do agree that recycling may be the key to helping both sides.

    但有一点我非常赞同：循环利用或许是对两者都有利的解决办法。

    名词key意思是“答案，解决方法”，to是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词短语。如：

    In my opinion, the key to solving the problem is to co-operate rather than argue.

    依我的观点，解决这个问题的办法就是合作，而不是争论。

    12、Asking around, I find many people willing to pay slightly higher prices for things that are environmentally friendly.

    我征询过周围很多人的意见，发现他们当中很多人愿意花费稍高一些的价钱来购买环保产品。

    短语ask around意思是“四处打听”。如：

    I will ask around and see if anyone can help.

    我要四处打听一下，看有没有人能够帮忙。

    另外asking around是动名词短语在句中做状语，又如：

    Turning to the right, you will find a path leading to his cottage.

    右转弯，你会发现一条小路通向他的小屋。

    Hearing the news, he immediately set off for home.

    听到这个消息，他立即回了家。

    Seeing the car coming, they stepped aside.

    看到车过来了，他们向旁边挪了一下。

    13、关于环境的一些词汇：

    ecotourist 生态游客       ecosystem   生态系统

    solar energy太阳能           fossil fuel  矿物燃料

    clear-cut logging 皆伐         opencast mining 露天采矿

    slash and bum fanning刀耕火种农业法   ozone layer臭氧层

    acid rain酸雨               global warming全球气候变暖

    14、This centre was set up in 1996 and is stocked with modem technical equipment and computers for environmental research.

    这个中心是在1996年建立的，配有用于环境研究的先进设备及计算机。

    短语be stocked with意思是“储备有，配备有”。如：

    If the shop is not stocked with most popular products, it will not be successful．

    如果商店不备有最流行的商品，它就不会成功。

    15、Rapid agricultural and industrial development plus huge population growth has meant that not only is the amount of water taken from the river rising, but the waste being put back into the river has been  increasing.

    工农业的飞速发展，加上人口的迅猛增长，不仅意味着从长江的取水量在增长，同时回放到长江的废弃物也在增加。

    短语not only…but (also)…连接两个并列句。意为“不仅……而且……”。通常用在倒装句里。如：

    Not only did we write to her but also we telegraphed her.

    我们不仅给她写信而且还给她发了电报。

    Not only was everything that he had taken away from him, but also his German citizenship.

    不仅他所有的一切被没收了，而且连他的德国公民权也被剥夺了。

    当not only...but also...连接两个并列主语时，主谓不倒装。如：

    He studies not only English but also Japanese.

    他不仅在学英语还在学日语。

    He gave me not only money but also advice.

    他不仅给了我钱还给了我建议。

    Not only he but also I am from the south.

    不仅他是而且我也是南方人。

    Not only his children but also he himself is hoping to be there.

    不仅是他的孩子连他自己也想去那里。

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