【语法重点】

直接引语和间接引语

——直接引语变成间接引语的几种句型

    1．直接引语是陈述句

    如果引用的句子原来是一个陈述句，变为间接引语时，在引语的开头用连词 that 来引导(在口语中 that 常省去)，要注意从句中人称、时态、代词、状语等相应变化。例如：

    “You are really my best friend,”Tom said to me.

    →Tom said that I was really his best friend.

    “I will come here again tomorrow,”he said.

    →He said he would go there again the next day.

    He said：“the best seed-heads should be hung up to dry.”

    →He said that the best seed heads should be hung up to dry.

    2．直接引语是疑问句

     ①如果引用的句子是原来是一个一般疑问，变成间接引语时，须用从属连词 if或 whether 来引导(不再用 that 作连词)。

     ②直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语时，原疑问句中的疑问词 who, whose, what, which, where, why, how 等就成了引导间接引语的连词。

    ③原直接引语中的疑问语在间接引语中变为陈述语序。

    ④直接引语中的问号变成了句号。

    ⑤人称、时态、状语等也相应变化。例如：

    He asked,“Is it raining now?”他问，“现在在下雨吗?”

    →He asked whether/if it was raining then.他问当时是否在下雨。

    The man asked me,“How old are you ?”

    →The man asked me how old I was.

    They asked him ,“When do you harvest the wheat?”

    →They asked him when he harvested the wheat.

    I asked the man,“Who are you?”

    →I asked the man who he was.

    The teacher asked her,“Why did you come?”

    →The teacher wondered why she had come.

    3．直接引语是祈使句

    如果引用的句子原来是一个祈使句，变为间接引语时，须将祈使句的动词原形变为动词不定式。并在动词不定式前用 tell(命令),ask(请求),order(命令)等及物动词加宾语。如果祈使句为否定式，则在不定式前面加 not。例如：

    He said to the girl,“Do it at once.”

    →He ordered the girl to do it at once.

    “Be quiet!”I told the children.

    →I told the children to be quiet.

    He said to farmers,“Do things at the right time of the year.”

    →He told farmers to do things at the right time of the year.

    “Don't grow plants in the same place year after year.”the farmer said.

    →The farmer told me not to grow plants in the same place year after year.

    He said,“Don't talk!”

    →He told us not to talk..

    4．有些句子虽以疑问形式出现，但并非提出询问，而是表示请求、建议、劝告等意思。这种问句通常也采取 ask, advise+宾语+不定式结构来转为间接引语。例如：

    “Could you lend me a bike?”he said.

    →He asked me to lend him my bike.

    “Would you mind waiting a moment?”

    →He asked me to wait a moment.

    “Why don't you go there by plane?”

    →He advised me to go there by plane.

    What about having a walk?

    →He suggested having a walk.

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