【单元要点】
【主要词汇与短语】
honourable, delighted, significance, briefly, compete, take part (in), separate, in honour of, peacefully, side by side, well-known, gladly, ceremony, break the record, absence, excite, attempt, glorious, international, state, retire, plenty of, pretty, otherwise, physical, technique, leading, role, play a role in, joke, meet, practise, current, ensure, keep…under control, remove, make way for, previous, involved
【交际用语】
向他人提供建议
1.I advise you to do …
2.I advise that …
3.My advise to you is that …
4.If I were you, I would …
5.I suggest (that) you (should) go …
6.He suggested doing…
7.Don't you think it would be a good idea to go…?
8.Why don't you go…?
9.Why not go…?
10.Shall we / I…?
11.Will … do?
12.Let's …
13.What/How about…?
【语法重点】
情态动词
1.情态动词的语法特征
1)情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情,只表示期待或估计某事的发生。
2)情态动词 除ought和have外,后面只能接不带to 的不定式。
3)情态动词没有人称,数的变化,即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。
4)情态动词没有非谓语形式,即没有不定式,分词等形式。
2.can 和be able to
can和could 表示能力;可能 (过去时用could), 只用于现在式和过去式(could)。而be able to可以用于各种时态。例如:
They will be able to tell you the news soon.
他很快就能告诉你消息了。
be able to往往表示“经过努力能成功地做”,而can和could仅表示一种“能力”。例如:
Animals can't use tools.
动物不会使用工具。
He couldn't speak when he was five.
他五岁还不会说话。
只能用be able to的几种情况:
a. 位于助动词后。
b. 情态动词后。
c. 表示过去某时刻动作时。
d. 用于句首表示条件。
e. 表示成功地做了某事时,只能用was/were able to, 不能用could。
He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.= He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.
注意:could不表示时态
1)提出委婉的请求(注意在回答中不可用could)。
--- Could I have the television on?
--- Yes, you can. / No, you can't.
2)在否定,疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。
He couldn't be a bad man.
他不大可能是坏人。
3.may和might
1)表示允许或请求;表示没有把握的推测;may 放在句首,表示祝愿。
May God bless you! He might be at home.
愿上帝保佑你。他也许在房间里。
注意:might 表示推测时,不表示时态。只是可能性比may小。
2)成语:may/might as well,后面接不带to 的不定式,意为"不妨"。
If that is the case, we may as well try.
如果是那样的话,我们不妨试一下。
4.have to和must
1)两词都是'必须'的意思,have to 表示客观的需要,must 表示说话人主观上的看法,既主观上的必要。例如:
My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.
我弟弟病得很厉害,所以我只得半夜里把医生请来。(客观上需要做这件事)
He said that they must work hard.
他说他们必须努力工作。(主观上要做这件事)
2)have to有人称、数、时态的变化,而must只有一种形式。但must 可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。
He had to look after his sister yesterday.
他昨天得照顾他妹妹。
You have worked hard all day. You must be tired.
你辛苦干一整天,一定累了。(对现在情况的推测判断)
He must be working in his office.
他一定在办公室工作呢。
3)在否定结构中: don't have to 表示“不必” mustn't 表示"禁止", You don't have to tell him about it.
你不一定要把此事告诉他。
You mustn't tell him about it.
你一定不要把这件事告诉他。
5.should 和ought to
should 和ought to 都为"应该"的意思,可用于各种人称。
---Ought he to go?
---Yes. I think he ought to.
If he started at seven, he ought to be here now.
要是他七点出发,现在总该到了。
There is a fine sunset. It ought to be a fine day tomorrow.
今天有晚霞,明天应该是个好天。
表示要求,命令时,语气由 should(应该)、had better最好)、must(必须)渐强。
6.will和would
1)would like; Would like to do = want to 想要,为固定搭配。
Would you like to go with me?
你想要和我一起走吗?
2)Will you…? Would you like…? 表示肯定含义的请求劝说时,疑问句中一般用some, 而不是any。
Would you like some cake?
要点蛋糕吗?
3)否定结构中用will,一般不用would, won't you是一种委婉语气。
Won't you sit down?
你不能坐下吗?
7.need和dare
这两词既可做实义动词用,又可做情态动词用。作为情态动词,两者都只能用于疑问句,否定句和条件句。need 作实义动词时后面的不定式必须带to,而dare作实义动词用时, 后面的to 时常可以被省略。
1)实义动词: need (需要, 要求) need + n. / to do sth
I dare say you are mistaken.
恐怕你搞错了。
I dare say it is going to rain.
或许今天要下雨吧。
2)情态动词: need,只用原形need后加do,否定形式为need not。
Need you go yet? Yes, I must. / No, I needn't.
你要走了吗?是的,我必须要走了/不,还不要。
3)need 的被动含义:need, want, require, worth(形容词)后面接doing也可以表示被动。例如:
need doing = need to be done
The room needs cleaning.= The room needs to be cleaned.
房间需要打扫。
8.Shall作为情态动词用与第二、三人称,表示说话人的意愿,有“命令”、“警告、威胁、强制”和允许等意思。例如:
We shall do as our teacher says.
我们将按老师说的做。
You shall have the book as soon as I finished it.
我一看完你就可以借这本书了。
在疑问句中,shall用语征求对方的意见或请求指示,常用于第一、三人称。例如:
Where shall he wait for us?
他在哪儿等我们呢?
Shall we go out for a walk?
咱们出去散步好吗?
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