【词语辨析】
1．competition与game, race, match的区别在于：
①game作“游戏，比赛”解时，通常有一些规则，凡参加者均需遵守；说球赛，美国人通常用game, 英国人则常用match。另外games(复数)一般指大型的国际体育运动会，如the Olympic Games，the Asian Games。
We lost the first game.
我们第一场比赛失败了
It was too late in the game to change the schedule of the project.
在比赛期间要改变赛程安排已经太晚了
②match一般指竞技比赛，如拳击、网球、高尔夫球等。
I watched an exciting football match yesterday.
我昨天观看内了一场精彩的足球赛。
③race通常指赛跑、赛马、赛车、赛船等运动。
She won in the 800-metre race.
她在四百米比赛中赢了。
④competition指各种形式的竞赛或竞争。
It's not a air competition.
这不是一场公平的竞争。
2．join, join in和take part in
①join通常作“参加某个团体，组织等”become a member of解。例如：
My brother joined the army last year.
我哥哥去年参的军。
join还可作“连接”用。例如：
The railway joins the two cities.
铁路把这两个城市连接起来了。
②join in多指参加正在进行的活动，如参加竞赛，娱乐，谈话等。例如：
May I join in the game?
我可以参加这个游戏吗？
We're having a discussion. Will you join us?
我们正在讨论一事，你也一起来讨论吧。
They watched the game, and then they were invited to join in it.
他们先观看比赛，后来又被邀请参加。
③take part in多指参加大型的集体活动。例如：
A great number of students took part in the May 4 Movement.
大批学生参加了“五四”运动。
He took a lot of practice in order to take part in the sports meeting.
他为了参加运动会进行了大量的练习。
3．separate，divide
①separate“分开，隔开”，侧重表示把原来在一起或靠近的事物分隔开来，分开后的部分具有相对的独立性。例如：
The teacher separated the boys from girls.
老师把男生和女生分开了。
The children are separating the good apples from the bad ones.
孩子们正在把好苹果和坏苹果分开。
England is separated from France by the English Channel.
英国和法国被英吉利海峡隔开。
②divide“划开，分开”，指把某一整体按一定大小、比例分成若干部分，还有“自然划分”之意。例如：
He divided the apple into four parts.
他把苹果分成了四份。
The fence divides their land from ours.
篱笆把他们家的第和我们家的地隔开了。
The class is divided into several groups.
这个班被分成了好几组。
4．exciting、 excited、excitement、excite、excitedly
①exciting 是“令人兴奋的，令人鼓舞的”，可以作定语和表语。作表语时，其主语常常是物。例如：
He told us a piece of exciting news.
他告诉了我们一条令人兴奋的消息。
The speech that he made last week proves exciting.
他上周做的报告证明是鼓舞人心的。
②excited 是“使兴奋，被感到”，在句中做表语时，其主语常常是人。例如：
You can't imagine how excited they were when I told them the good news.
你想象不出我把这个好消息告诉他们时，他们有多么激动。
At such a good news, he seemed excited all the morning.
听到好消息后，他整个上午都兴奋不已。
③excitement 是名词，常用于固定搭配 “to one's excitement = to the excitement of sb”(使某人兴奋的是)。in excitement = excitedly 兴奋地。例如：
He has a weak heart, and he should avoid excitement.
他心脏虚弱，应避免激动。
After the meeting, he sang in excitement on his way home.
会议结束后，在回家的途中他兴奋不已地唱个不停。
④excite 是动词。例如：
The news excited us. = We were excited by the news. = We were excited to hear the news.
Don't excite yourself. = Don't be excited.
It's nothing to get excited about.
这没有什么可激动的。
⑤excitedly 是副词。例如：
People are rushing excitedly into the streets.
人们兴奋地涌上了大街。
5．allow，permit，let
①allow 意为“允许，许可”一般指消极的不加反对，含有“容忍”的意思。例如：
We allow smoking only in restricted areas.
我们只允许在指定的地点吸烟
No pets are allowed inside.
宠物不准入内。
②permit 是个较正式的用语，指根据权力、规定给予许可。allow 和 permit 作不及物动词用，而 let 在这个意义上不可作不及物动词。例如：
The wording of the note permits of several interpretations.
通知的措辞允许有几种解释。
③let 意为“让”，最常见的用法是表示一种建议，用于祈使句中，这时的 let 不能用 allow 或 permit 替换。let 不能用于被动语态，在这种场合常用allow代替。例如：
例1 让这男孩拿一个大苹果。
Let the boy have a big apple．
例2 未经允许我们不得进入那个房间。
①We were not let to go into the room without permission．(误)
②We were not allowed to go into the room without permission．(正)
例3 如果天气许可我就去。
① I'll go if weather lets．(误)
② I'll go if weather permits．(正)
③ I'll go if weather allows．(正)
6．a great deal of/a good many/a number of/plenty of/enough
修饰可数名词的有：a good many/a number of；
修饰不可数名词的有：a great deal of/much等；
既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的有：a lot of/plenty of等。但plenty of一般只用在肯定句中，在否定句中要用enough。例如：
She bought a good many clothes.
她买了许多衣服。
A number of people were standing outside, watching the sky.
很多人站在外边，观看天空。
The water carried away a great deal of mud and sand.
水冲走了许多泥土和沙子。
He is a great deal happier than you.
他比你幸福多了。
He did a lot of damage to the team.
他做了许多有损于该队的事。
We have plenty of man power，but we don't have enough jobs.
我们有大量的劳力却没有足够的工作岗位。
You have plenty of time to do the work.
你有足够的时间来做这工作。
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