Unit 3 Science versus nature

   【难点解析】

    1、On the one hand, some scientists point out that if you clone an embryo, you can produce valuable tissues and organs that could be used to save human lives.

    point可作及物和不及物动词，常用于下列短语。

    （1）point out意为“指出,使注意”，后面可接名词，也可接从句作宾语。如：

    The teacher pointed out the mistakes in the composition．

    老师指出了这篇作文中的错误。

    He pointed out that it was important to remove weeds before sowing seed in the soil．

    他指出在土壤里播种以前先除草的重要性。

    ① point out that …

    He pointed out that it was important to remove weeds before sowing seed in the soil.

    他指出，播种前清除杂草是很重要的。

    At the meeting, he pointed out that agriculture should be put at the first place.

    会上，他指出应该把农业放在首位。

    ② point …out 或 point out …指出（某人或某事）

    He quickly pointed out a mistake.

    他很快就指出了一处错误。

    Can you point out the finest pictures to me? = Can you point me out the finest pictures?

    你能向我指出最好的那幅画吗？

    （2）point to意为“指向”，强调方向，并不是指着该物体。而 point at 表示“指着某一物体，指人时一般表示粗鲁或不礼貌”。如：

    He pointed to the door and there I saw a girl smiling at me．

    他指向门，我发现那里有一位姑娘朝我微笑着。

    The teacher pointed at the map and told me where Britain was．

    老师指着地图告诉我英国的位置。

    ▲另外point作名词时，有以下几种含义。

    I failed to catch his point of view．

    我没能领会他的观点。

    You’ve missed the point of the joke．

    你没听出那个笑话的可笑之处。

    His talk is short but quite to the point．

    他的发言简洁切题。

    2、On the other hand, many people, including some scientists, disagree and fear the if mankind interferes with nature in this way, they would be on their way to producing a real-life Frankenstein’s monsters.

    另一方面，包括一些科学家在内的很多人则持不同意见，他们担心如果人类用这种方式干涉自然，那就可能离制造一个现实生活中的弗兰肯斯坦怪物不远了。

    （1）on the other hand意思是“另一方面”，经常和on(the) one hand（一方面）连用。如：

    On one hand, rapid development of the economy will improve the living conditions of the people. On the other hand，it will speed up environmental destruction.

    一方面，经济的迅速发展会改善人们的生活状况。另一方面，它会加速环境的破坏。

    I love my job as a news reporter because I get to travel around the world, but on the other hand, I feel I have sacrificed too much of my free time with my family.

    我喜欢自己新闻记者的工作因为可以环游整个世界，但另一方面我感觉到我牺牲了许多陪伴家人的空闲时间。

    He has the potential to be a great artist, but on the other hand, he needs time to practise.

    他具备成为一位伟大艺术家的潜质，但另一方面，他还需要时间训练。

    On the one hand, I want to sell the house, but on the other hand, I cannot bear the thought of moving.

    一方面我想卖房子，但另一方面我受不了要搬家的顾虑。

    （2）fear在句中是作为动词使用的，意为“害怕，担心……发生”，后面跟动词不定式或从句。如：

    The boy was feared to be among the victims of the train crash.

    这个男孩害怕成为火车摧毁的丧生者之一。

    The little girl fears to sleep in the dark room at night.

    这个小女孩害怕晚上在漆黑的屋子里睡觉。

    Many people fear that if we do not protect the environment, there will be no clean water or food for human beings in the future.

    许多人担心如果我们不保护环境，将来人类就会没有干净的水和食物。

    （3）短语on one’s (the) way to doing something意思是“正在做某事的过程中”。to是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词短语。如：

    He is on his way to becoming a famous Singer.

    他离成为一名著名歌手已经不远了。

    3、However, in general the scientists were praised for their wonderful scientific breakthrough．

    （1）短语in general意为“一般”

    In general, about 1 per cent of the candidates are eventually offered positions.

    一般情况下，大约1%的侯选者最终会得到职位。

    In general, the green team wins more support than the blue team.

    总的来说，绿队比蓝队获得更多的支持拥护。

    In general, red is the most popular color this season.

    总的来说，红色是这个季节最流行的颜色。

    （2）breakthrough 是名词，意为“突破、关键问题的解决”

    Scientists have made a major breakthrough in the treatment o f cancer.

    科学家们在治疗癌症方面取得了突破。

    After the three-day’s discussion, they achieved a breakthrough and made several agreements.

    通过三天的讨论，他们取得了突破性的进展并达成了一致的意见。

    Finding a way to form materials that is not harmful for the environment is a  great scientific breakthrough．

    发现一个制造对环境无害材料的方法是一项伟大的科学突破。

    Their breakthrough made the headlines.

    他们的突破成了报纸标题。

    break through是动词短语，意为“突围,冲破;取得突破性成就”。

    At dawn, 300 tanks prepared to break through the enemy lines.

    傍晚的时候，三百辆坦克准备突破敌人的防线。

    We finally broke through the unfriendly atmosphere.

    我们最终打破了这种不友好的氛围。

    4、Although he researches cloning, his intention has never been to create copies of humans.

    （1）research在句中是动词，意为“研究，调查”。如：

    The scientist researched the cause of the disease.

    科学家调查这种疾病的原因。

    The book has been very well researched.

    着本书已经被很好地研究过了。

    另外research做名词时虽然可以用复数，但其前不用two, three, many, several, 但可以加some。可以用：do two pieces / items of research 做两项研究工作。research 后可以接介词 on, about, into。如：

    He has made scientific researches on atom for ton years.

    他从事原子科学研究已十年了。

    （2）intention名词，意为“意图，目的”

    It was not my intention to hurt your feelings.

    伤害你并不是我的意图。

    His intentions are good, but he seldom carries them out.

    他的用途是好的，但他很少付诸于行动。

    短语with the intention of意思是“为了，以……为目的或意图”。如：

    He went to Paris with the intention of learning French.

    他到巴黎的目的是为了学习法语。

    He has decided to go abroad to study with the intention of improving his English and finding a better job when he returns.

    他决定去国外留学，以提高英语水平，好在回国后能找到一份更好的工作。

    5、‘I’m desperate to have a child o f my own,’she says.

    她说：“我现在迫不及待地想要个自己的孩子。”

    desperate形容词，意为“急切的，迫不及待的”。

    Ben was desperate to get a job.

    本急切的需要一份工作。

    A desperate struggle was going on within him.

    他内心里进行着激烈的斗争。

    He was desperate to see his favourite film star who came to the city for the film festival.

    他急切的想看到来这个城市参加电影节的他最喜欢的电影明星。

    Having been working for too long, I am desperate for some fresh air.

    工作了这么长时间，我迫不及待的想呼吸一下新鲜空气。

    6、I don’t want to adopt someone else’s child and I don’t want to use another woman’s egg—I want a child that is genetically related to me.

    我不想领养别人的孩子，我也不想借用别的女人的卵子——我想要一个跟我在基因上有关联的孩子。

    （1）动词adopt在这里意思是“收养，领养”。如：

    The couple are unable to have children of their own，but hope to adopt one.

    这对夫妇不能生育自己的孩子，但是他们希望收养一个。

    adopt还可以有“采用，采纳”的意思。如：

    I haven’t yet made up my mind what attitude to adopt towards her.

    我还没打定注意对她采取什么态度。

    Can a school adopt a policy prohibiting the use of mobile phones on campus?

    学校能采纳禁止在校园内使用手机的政策吗？

    （2）短语be related to意思是“与……有关联，与……有联系”。如：

    In his essay, the author writer about how art is related to culture.

    作者在论文里阐述了艺术与文化的联系。

    The reason seems to be that different periods are related to different kinds of achievement.

    原因似乎是不同的阶段与不同的成就有关。

    7、While cloning human embryos is illegal in many countries, some scientists are already pushing ahead with research so as to deliver a cloned human baby.

    克隆人类胚胎目前在很多国家属于非法，但有些科学家已经在开始加紧研究，以制造一个克隆人类婴儿。

    （1）句中while是连词，意思是“尽管，然而”。如：

    While English can be difficult to learn，it is a very useful tool for communication．

    虽然英语学起来有点难，但它却是一个有用的交际工具。

    I like sports, while he enjoys music.

    我喜欢运动，而他喜爱音乐。

    Nodding the head means agreement, while shaking it means disagreement.

    点头表示同意，而摇头则表示不同意。

    （2）短语push ahead with意思是“推进，推行”。如：

    It is hard to push ahead with such an unpopular policy.

    这样一个不得人心的政策是很难推行下去的。

    （3）动词deliver在这里意思是“接生，使分娩”，该词还有“投递；释放；表达”等意思。如：

    Hearing that his baby son had been delivered that morning, he was wild with joy.

    那天上午他听说自己儿子出生了，欣喜若狂。

    The morning mall has been delivered.

    早上的邮件刚刚投递出去。

    The speech delivered by the professor was so inspiring that I kept thinking about it all that day.

    教授的演讲很富有启发性，我整天都在回味。

    8、In China, scientists have focused their efforts on cloning animals, as well as stem cells to be used in medical research．

    在中国，科学家则把精力集中在克隆动物以及干细胞上，以便用于医学研究。

    （1）focus是动词，意为“集中，聚焦” ,后面经常跟介词on。如：

    He finds it hard to focus his thoughts on one thing for longer than five minutes.

    他发现他很难把心思放在一件事情上超过五分钟。

    Modern medicine has tended to focus too much on developing highly complicated surgical techniques.

    现代医学的趋势是更多放在发展高尖端医疗设备上。

    This round of meetings will focus on the environmental problems.

    这轮会议将会聚焦环境问题。

    （2）as well as是连词词组，意为“同”、“和”，当其连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词应与前面的主语一致。如：

    Air as well as water is matter.

    空气和水都是物质。

    My sister as well as my parents enjoys music.

    我的父母和姐姐都喜欢音乐。

    John can speak Chinese as well as French.

    约翰会说汉语和法语。

    The friends sent her a big birthday cake, as well as many lovely gifts.

    朋友们送了她一个大的生日蛋糕以及很多可爱的礼物。

    9、If we interfere with nature, we will have to deal with the consequences.

    如果我们干涉自然，我们将不得不应付后果。

    （1）interfere是不及物动词，后接with/in表示“干预、干涉”的意思。如：

    Anxiety can interfere with children’ performance at School.

    焦虑会影响孩子在学校的表现。

    I turned down the radio lest it should interfere with his lessons.

    我把收音机音量调低以免妨碍他做功课。

    We have no right to interfere in the internal affairs of other countries.

    我们没有权利干涉别国内政。

    She wished he wouldn’t interfere.

    她希望他不要干预。

    （2）deal with意义很广，常表示“对付”、“应付”、“处理”、“安排”、“论述”、“涉及”等。如：

    They could properly deal with all kinds of situations.

    他能恰当地应付各种局面。

    Deal with a man as he deals with you.

    以其人之道，还治其人之身。

    This is a book dealing with Asian problems.

    这是一本论述亚洲问题的书。

    They have learned to deal with various persons.

    他们学会了和各种人打交道。

    10、We could produce a monster, or even a superhuman race that could one day end up replacing us.

    我们可能会制造出一个怪物，甚至是一个最终有一天会取代我们人类的超人类物种。

    短语end up意思是“以……而告终”，可后接现在分词。如：

    Sooner or later, he will end up in prison, I’m sure.

    我敢说他迟早要进监狱。

    How does the story end up?

    故事的结局如何？

    Though friends for years, they ended up enemies in the end.

    虽然他们是多年的朋友，但最后却成了仇敌。

    Wasteful people usually end up in debt.

    挥霍浪费者往往落得负债累累的结果。

    If we go on in this way, we shall end up with millions and millions of unemployed.

    我们若继续照此办事，其结果就是千百万人失业。

    end up还有“（最后）到达某地”之意。如：

    After much discussions about holidays abroad, we ended up in Cornwall.

    反复讨论出国度假之后，我们最后来到了库沃尔。

    The car ended up in a ditch.

    车最终开到了沟里。

    end(up)with 意为“以……结束”。如：

    He ended his letter up with good wishes to the family.

    在信末他祝全家好。

    We ended the dinner up with fruit and coffee.

    我们最后吃水果和喝咖啡结束了晚餐。

    The conference ended up with the singing of“the International.”

    会议最后以高唱《国际歌》而结束。

    He ended up his speech with a funny story.

    他用一个有趣的故事结束了演说。

    11、I would like to comment on your article ‘The perfect copy’.

    我想点评一下你们的文章“完美的复制品”。

    句中comment做动词用，“评论，点评”

    Our friends often comment on how different the twin boys’ characters are.

    我们的朋友们经常评论这对双胞胎男孩的性格是多么的不一样。

    We would like the audience to comment on our new play.

    我们欢迎观众们对我们的新剧点评。

    当comment作名词时，意为“评论，点评”。如：

    I hope that you will not spare your comments.

    我希望你们无保留地提出意见。

    Her strange behavior caused a good deal of comment.

    她奇怪的行为遭到了许多了评论。

    Have you any comments on the new play?

    你对这个新的剧有什么意见吗？

    12、I understand that other countries have already begun trying to clone human beings, but this does not mean that we should follow in their footsteps.

    我知道别的国家已经在尝试克隆人类，但这并不意味着我们要追随他们的足迹。

    短语follow in one’s footsteps意思是“追寻某人的足迹”。如：

    He has hopes of following in the footsteps of Yang Liwei and becoming an astronaut.

    他希望追寻杨利伟的足迹，成为一名宇航员。

    13、The very genes that make crops resistant to pests and disease could be harmful to animals.

    正是那些使得植物对害虫和疾病产生抵抗作用的基因可能对动物是有危害的。

    very在这里是形容词，表特指，意思是“同一的，正是的”。如：

    This is the very mobile phone I lost yesterday.

    这正是我昨天丢失的手机。

    He came up, at that very moment.

    就在那个时候，他出现了。

    These are the very words he used.

    这就是他的原话。

    14、Would anyone say that economic development should be stopped in favour of nature?

    我们能说为了保护自然就应该停止经济发展吗？

    短语in favour of意思是“有利于；赞同”，后接名词、代词或动名词。如：

    We are in favour of the reform.

    我们赞成改革。

    I talked to my friend about it, and he’s all in favour of giving up the plan.

    我和我朋友谈过，他完全赞同放弃计划。

    That’s why I am not in favour of the plan．

    那就是我为什么不支持这个计划的原因。

    15、From the point of view of some people, we are only doing what humans have always done, using nature to meet our own needs.

    根据有些人的观点，我们现在只是在做人类一直在做的事情—利用自然来满足我们的需求。

    短语meet one’s needs意思是“满足某人的要求”。如：

    We will buy more computers to meet the needs of the students.

    我们要买更多的电脑来满足学生的需求。

    16、Other people argue that such thinking may spell disaster, unless we start to look around and understand how a clean environment benefits us all.

    其他人则争辩说，这样的思维也许会招致灾难，除非我们现在就开始审视我们的周围并懂得清洁的环境如何能够造福人类。

    动词spell在这里意思是“招致，带来”。如：

    The lack of rain could spell disaster for farmers.

    雨水缺乏会给农民带来灾难。

    Flooding can sometimes spell disaster for villagers.

    洪水有时会给村民们带来灾难。

    These changes will spell ruin for the company.

    这些变化将会招致该公司破产。

    17、Most of the time it turns out that humans are not really profiting when they damage the environment.

    在多数情况下的结果是，人类在破坏环境之际并没有真正受益。

    短语turn out意思是“结果，证明”，后可接形容词、不定式或从句等。如：

    It was a difficult time，but eventually things turned out fine.

    那是一个艰难的时期，但最终结果却不坏。

    That guy turned out to be my friend’s brother.

    结果那个家伙是我朋友的弟弟。

    To my surprise, it turned out that I was wrong.

    我没有想到，结果证明我错了。

    Hopefully tomorrow will turn out fine.

    明天天气有望转晴。

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